To compare groups in all of them simultaneously, it might be helpful to standardize the many effect sizes measured at different scales.

With this standardization, all characters (e.g. agronomic, compositional and phenotypic) are transformed and expressed in the same unit, allowing the simultaneous comparison of different characters (e.g. yield, starch, amino acids etc.) from the same trial.

Therefore, an overall picture of group differences is provided at a glance.

Furthermore, Standardised Effect Sizes (SES) enable statistical significance and biological relevance (in standard deviation units) to be illustrated simultaneously, when the equivalence limits are also indicated in the display.